Increasing the non-profit housing stock is, in many ways, the cornerstone of a sustainable exit from the housing crisis. Beyond this issue in which the social economy must play a key role, several questions arise in terms of the protection of built heritage and land use planning.
In the real estate sector as in many other sectors, the negative effects of profit-maximizing incentives and speculative logic are well felt and generate devastating externalities for the population, especially for people who are less well served and those with low incomes. The social economy model, for its part, is focused on the real needs of the community, and supported by inclusive democratic governance of stakeholders, which is concerned with the issues of social inequalities and the socio-ecological transition.
Social economy enterprises working in the affordable housing sector are numerous and have been active in Quebec for a very long time. In fact, they have developed a great deal of expertise in the development and management of affordable housing. The statistical portrait of the social economy published in 2016 by the Institut de la Statistique du Québec reported that more than 1,650 social economy enterprises worked in the housing sector, and 45% of them have existed for more than 30 years. More than 50% of Quebec cooperatives are in this sector of activity. These businesses serve a variety of communities, including those with lower incomes and those that are less well served by the traditional rental market.
The social economy housing sector is also composed of a large number of companies that offer support services and technical resources to support the development and management of collective real estate initiatives while taking into account the real needs of the communities concerned. These businesses offer training, consulting services and other forms of support to carry out all the stages of setting up a new social economy real estate project and it is on their expertise that developers of new community housing projects throughout the province can rely on. These specialized services also include the sharing of expertise in architecture, engineering, urban planning and land use planning.
The social purpose of many social economy enterprises is to protect, preserve and enhance Quebec's built heritage, in a vision of serving the community by creating and maintaining attractive living environments. Examples include the numerous businesses and initiatives that aim to requalify places of worship in order to transform them into multifunctional spaces to meet the needs of the community while maintaining the invaluable heritage value of these historic buildings.
Other social economy enterprises specialize in the valorization of heritage and offer their services to various public and collective organizations, in particular through collaborations with regional county municipalities (RCMs).
A few social economy businesses also specialize in non-profit construction and renovation services. In particular, these companies make it possible to offer these services at reduced costs compared to the traditional market while maintaining a particular sensitivity to the use of eco-friendly materials and construction methods.
A new wave of ambitious collective real estate projects aim at the development of living environments including both residential options, other forms of collective real estate (e.g. access to commercial premises, third places and multifunctional buildings) and initiatives for the conservation of natural heritage, the revitalization of public spaces and places for community socialization, etc. In other words, these projects are organized around the perspective of transforming the relationship with land and the development of focused territory on the specific needs of a community.